The influence between C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) genetic polymorphisms and the type-1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1): A 20 years review

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is an infectious disease caused by the types 1 and 2 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1 and HIV-2). Clinical outcomes in patients are highly varied and delineated by complex interactions between virus, host and environment, such as with help of co-receptors, for example, the C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5). This work aimed to describe the scientific evidence relating the influence of CCR5 polymorphisms in association studies for HIV-1 disease susceptibility, severity and transmissibility. This is a systematic review of the literature on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the deletion (Indel) I”32 of CCR5. The search for articles was based in the Science Direct, PUBMED and CAPES databases for the period between 2001 and 2021. The final sample consisted of 32 articles. The SNP rs1799987 is the genetic polymorphism most associated with HIV-1 susceptibility and severity criteria, having distinct consequences in genotypic, allelic and clinical analysis in the variability of investigated populations. As for the transmission character of the disease, the G mutant allele of rs1799987 corresponds to the highest positive association. Furthermore, the results about the Indel I”32 corroborate the non-association of this variant with the protective role in HIV-1 infection. Finally, mitigating the severity of cases, SNPs rs1799988 and rs1800023 obtained significant attribution in individuals in the studied populations. It is shown that the reported polymorphisms express significant influences for the evaluation of diagnostic, therapeutic, and prophylactic measures for HIV-1 having fundamental particularities in the molecular, genetic, and transcriptional aspects of CCR5.

• Population(s)
  • General HIV+ population