Category Archives: Co-infections

Increased risk of aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss in MDR-TB patients with HIV coinfection

2018

SETTING: A high proportion of individuals with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) develop permanent hearing loss due to ototoxicity caused by injectable aminoglycosides (AGs). The prevalence of AG-induced hearing loss is greatest...

Evidence of synergistic relationships between HIV and Human Papillomavirus (HPV): Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of longitudinal studies of HPV acquisition and clearance by HIV status, and of HIV acquisition by HPV status

2018

INTRODUCTION: Observational studies suggest HIV and human papillomavirus (HPV) infections may have multiple interactions. We reviewed the strength of the evidence for the influence of HIV on HPV acquisition and...

Pre-exposure prophylaxis for MSM and transgender persons in early adopting countries

2017

: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a potent and underutilized HIV prevention tool. In this paper we review the state of knowledge regarding PrEP implementation for men who have sex with...

Incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in immunocompromised patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2018

BACKGROUND: Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, with immunocompromised patients (ICPs) at particular risk. Therefore, guidelines recommend pneumococcal vaccination for these patients. However, guidelines are...

Prevalence of human papillomavirus by geographical regions, sexual orientation and HIV status in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2018

OBJECTIVE: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection causes multiple cancers in both women and men. In China, both HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening coverages are low. We aim to investigate the...

Associations between highly active antiretroviral therapy and the presence of HPV, premalignant and malignant cervical lesions in sub-Saharan Africa, a systematic review: Current evidence and directions for future research

2017

OBJECTIVES: In sub-Saharan Africa, substantial international funding along with evidence-based clinical practice have resulted in an unparalleled scale-up of access to antiretroviral treatment at a higher CD4 count. The role...

Human immunodeficiency virus in patients with tuberculous meningitis: Systematic review and meta-analysis

2018

INTRODUCTION: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -infected individuals are at increased risk for all forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB), including tuberculous meningitis (TBM). The current study aimed to investigate the frequency...

Sexualised drug use in the United Kingdom (UK): A review of the literature

2018

BACKGROUND: Sexualised drug use (SDU) refers to the use of drugs in a sexual context. This includes ‘Chemsex’- the use of drugs (specifically crystal methamphetamine, GHB/GBL and mephedrone) before or...

Incidence and prevalence of bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis among adolescents and young adults: A systematic review

2018

The burden of tuberculosis (TB) among adolescents and young adults in endemic settings is poorly characterised. This study aimed to review published and unpublished estimates of the incidence and prevalence...

Approach to acute kidney injury in HIV-infected patients in South Africa

2017

Background: HIV-infected patients have an increased risk of renal disease. Current first-line antiretroviral therapy contains tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), which has nephrotoxic potential, characterised by proximal tubular cell injury. This...

Active case finding for communicable diseases in prison settings: Increasing testing coverage and uptake among the prison population in the European Union/European Economic Area

2018

Prison populations are disproportionally affected by communicable diseases when compared with the general community because of a complex mix of socioeconomic determinants and environmental factors. Tailored and adequate health care...

The effect of human immunodeficiency virus and cytomegalovirus infection on infant responses to vaccines: A review

2018

The success of prevention of mother to child transmission programs over the last two decades has led to an increasing number of infants who are exposed to human immunodeficiency virus...

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