Category Archives: Co-morbidities

BACKGROUND: Although HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) increase the risk for hypertension in people living with HIV (PLHIV), the global and regional burden of hypertension in PLHIV is not...

INTRODUCTION: People living with HIV (PLWH) had a higher prevalence and incidence rate of bone fracture compared to general population. Although several studies have explored this phenomenon, the prevalence and...

The introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has caused some metabolic problems to people who suffer from HIV. ART probably is not the sole reason for these metabolic disorders. Most likely,...

Elevated blood pressure (BP) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We reviewed the literature comparing BP in treated HIV-infected populations against untreated...

PURPOSE: Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death among women worldwide, and women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) carry the highest burden of disease. Chemoradiation...

The prevalence of the use of marijuana throughout the world is substantial. In light of ongoing increases in accessibility to marijuana, safety and efficacy must be established to guide recommendations...

In the last few decades, types of diseases affecting people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) have shifted as the population ages, with cardiovascular disease becoming a leading cause of...

People living with HIV (PLHIV) experience greater loss of muscle mass and function than people without HIV. However, HIV is not routinely recognized as a sarcopenia risk factor outside of...

Despite developments to improve health in the United States, racial and ethnic disparities persist. These disparities have profound impact on the wellbeing of historically marginalized racial and ethnic groups. This...

INTRODUCTION: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has had a major impact on life expectancy from HIV as many people now live with it as a chronic disease. Chronic HIV has been associated...

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the association of antiretroviral therapy (ART), CD4+ count and HIV plasma viral load (PVL) on high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+) detection at follow-up after CIN management among...

BACKGROUND: Occupational noise-induced hearing loss (ONIHL) does not occur in isolation from other influencing factors such as health conditions and illnesses like human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV...