Category Archives: Epidemiology
Chest X-ray features of HIV-associated pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: The performance of chest x-ray (CXR) features for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) diagnosis has been evaluated in small studies. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to describe CXR changes...
Prevalence of emergent dolutegravir resistance mutations in people living with HIV: A rapid scoping review
BACKGROUND: Dolutegravir (DTG) is a cornerstone of global antiretroviral (ARV) therapy (ART) due to its high efficacy and favorable tolerability. However, limited data exist regarding the risk of emergent integrase...
Prevalence, clinical features, and predictors of adrenal insufficiency in adults with tuberculosis or HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: Despite the high frequency of adrenal insufficiency (AI) in patients with tuberculosis or HIV, its diagnosis is often missed or delayed resulting in increased mortality. This systematic review and...
Severity of COVID-19 manifestations in HIV patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
OBJECTIVE: The incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic among people living with HIV (PLWH) is experiencing major increases. This demographic is vulnerable due to compromised immune function, but the...
Impact of maternal HIV infection on perinatal outcomes: A systematic review
BACKGROUND: Maternal HIV infection remains a significant global health concern with potential repercussions on perinatal outcomes. Emphasis on early intervention to improve peri- and postnatal outcomes in infected mothers and...
Comparative efficacy and safety of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia prophylaxis regimens for people living with HIV: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Background Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is a common opportunistic infection among people living with HIV (PWH), particularly among new and untreated cases. Several regimens are available for the prophylaxis of PCP, including...
Improved outcomes following gastrointestinal surgery among people living with HIV in the HAART-era: A scoping review
Background: This study aimed to review the varied gastrointestinal (GI) system surgical outcomes among people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLWH) in the HAART-era. Methods: MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for primary...
Pulmonary hypertension survival and hospitalisations in people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis
INTRODUCTION: People living with HIV (PLHIV) have a higher risk of developing pulmonary hypertension (PH) with subsequent poorer prognosis. This review aimed to determine the (1) survival outcomes and (2)...
A contextualization of transgender women and condom use using the HIV syndemic framework: Scoping review
Objective: To contextualize condom use in the transgender women population utilizing the HIV syndemic framework. Methods: Studies reporting condom use frequency and syndemic factors associated with HIV risk in transgender...
Mortality of children and adolescents co-infected with tuberculosis and HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Objective: Children and adolescents with HIV infection are well-known to face a heightened risk of tuberculosis. However, the exact mortality rates and temporal trends of those with HIV-TB co-infection remain unclear....
Effect of mass treatment on the long-term prevalence of gonorrhoea, chlamydia and syphilis—A systematic review
Background: Selective mass treatment of STIs may lead to a durable reduction in the prevalence of STIs or a temporary reduction associated with an increased probability of antimicrobial resistance emerging. Methods: We...
