Category Archives: Epidemiology
Use of an indeterminate range in HIV early infant diagnosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: Expanded access to HIV antiretrovirals has dramatically reduced mother-to-child transmission of HIV. However, there is increasing concern around false-positive HIV test results in perinatally HIV-exposed infants but few insights...
High HIV and active tuberculosis prevalence and increased mortality risk in adults with symptoms of TB: A systematic review and meta-analyses
INTRODUCTION: HIV and tuberculosis (TB) remain leading causes of preventable death in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends HIV testing for all individuals with TB...
Global population-level association between herpes simplex virus 2 prevalence and HIV prevalence
BACKGROUND: Our objective was to assess the population-level association between herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) and HIV prevalence. METHODS: Reports of HSV-2 and HIV prevalence were systematically reviewed and synthesized...
Abnormal QTc syndrome in HIV-infected patients: A systematic review of prevalence and risk factors
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this review is to critically analyze data regarding the prevalence and risk factors for developing a prolonged QTc interval and subsequent sudden cardiac death (SCD) in...
Risk factors for infectious diseases in urban environments of sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and critical appraisal of evidence
Our world is rapidly urbanizing. According to the United Nations, between 1990 and 2015, the percent of the world’s population living in urban areas grew from 43% to 54%. Estimates...
Risk of myocardial infarction among people living with HIV: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading non-AIDS-defining causes of death among HIV-positive (HIV+) individuals. However, the evidence surrounding specific components of CVD risk remains inconclusive. We conducted...
The HIV-related risk factors of the cisgender male sexual partners of transgender women (MSTW) in the United States: A systematic review of the literature
Cisgender male sexual partners of transgender women (MSTW) may be at risk for HIV infection. We performed a review of HIV risk factors among MSTW. We searched PubMed database for...
Prevalence of HIV infection among Chinese voluntary blood donors during 2010-2017: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: Understanding the latest human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in voluntary blood donors could be of great value to further increase blood safety in China, as transfusion-transmitted infection places a...
Sociodemographic and health profile of TB/HIV co-infection in Brazil: A systematic review
OBJECTIVE: to ascertain the epidemiological profile of TB/HIV co-infection in Brazilian scenarios. METHOD: this is a systematic review conducted via electronic search in databases PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS and SciELO, having...
Review of the missed opportunities for the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV in Brazil
OBJECTIVE: The present literature review aims to highlight gaps in the treatment of preventative mother-to-child HIV transmission and the risk factors in Brazil. METHODS: Among the 425 articles identified in...
What will it take for the global plan priority countries in sub-Saharan Africa to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of HIV?
BACKGROUND: The 2016 ‘Start Free, Stay Free, AIDS Free’ global agenda, builds on the 2011-2015 ‘Global Plan’. It prioritises 22 countries where 90% of the world’s HIV-positive pregnant women live...
