Category Archives: Population(s)
Behavioral interventions to reduce risk for sexual transmission of HIV among men who have sex with men
BACKGROUND: Men who have sex with men (MSM) remain at great risk for HIV infection. Program planners and policy makers need descriptions of interventions and quantitative estimates of intervention effects...
Meta-analysis: IL-28B genotype and sustained viral clearance in HCV genotype 1 patients
Background Polymorphisms in the IL-28B region are a strong predictor of sustained virologic response (SVR) in individual studies of HCV genotype 1 patients receiving peginterferon (pegIFN) and ribavirin. Aim To...
Treatment of acute cryptococcal meningitis in HIV infected adults, with an emphasis on resource-limited settings
BACKGROUND: Despite the advent and increasingly wide availability of antiretroviral therapy, cryptococcal meningitis (CM) remains a significant cause of mortality and morbidity amongst individuals with HIV infection in resource-limited settings....
How much ritonavir is needed to boost protease inhibitors? Systematic review of 17 dose-ranging pharmacokinetic trials
BACKGROUND: Ritonavir has been evaluated at boosting doses of 50–800 mg daily with seven protease inhibitors: amprenavir, atazanavir, darunavir, indinavir, lopinavir,saquinavir and tipranavir. Minimizing the boosting dose of ritonavir could...
Applicability and generalisability of the results of systematic reviews to public health practice and policy: A systematic review
BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to evaluate systematic reviews of research into two public health priorities, tobacco consumption and HIV infection, in terms of the reporting of data...
Posaconazole for the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis, including triazole-resistant disease, in HIV-positive patients
Oropharyngeal candidiasis is a common affliction in HIV-positive patients worldwide. Although the incidence has decreased with the advent of potent antiviral combinations, it continues to be a cause of significant...
Forced sexual initiation, sexual intimate partner violence and HIV risk in women: A global review of the literature
Coerced or forced sexual initiation and sexual intimate partner violence (sexual IPV) contribute significantly to a woman’s risk for HIV infection. This review systematically examines global research (n = 21...
HIV incidence in sub-Saharan Africa: A review of available data with implications for surveillance and prevention planning
BACKGROUND: HIV incidence estimation is increasingly being incorporated into HIV/AIDS surveillance activities in both resource-rich and developing countries. We conducted a systematic review to assess the availability of HIV incidence...
Optimal monitoring strategies for guiding when to switch first-line antiretroviral therapy regimens for treatment failure in adults and adolescents living with HIV in low-resource settings
BACKGROUND: One of the critical clinical decisions made in antiretroviral therapy (ART) is when to switch from an initial regimen to another due to treatment failure. This complex process requires...
Optimal timing for antiretroviral therapy initiation in patients with HIV infection and concurrent cryptococcal meningitis
BACKGROUND: Currently, initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in most patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is based on the CD4-positive-t-lymphocyte count. However, the point during the course of HIV...
