Category Archives: Children or Youth (less than 18 years old)

A systematic review on the influence of HLA-B polymorphisms on HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission

2019

BACKGROUND: Mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) is the main route of HIV-1 infection in children. Genetic studies suggest HLA-B alleles play an important role on HIV-1 transmission, progression, and control of HIV-1 infection....

Pharmacokinetics and safety of the integrase inhibitors elvitegravir and dolutegravir in pregnant women with HIV

2019

OBJECTIVE: To synthesize data on the pharmacokinetics and safety of dolutegravir and elvitegravir in pregnant women living with HIV. DATA SOURCES: A PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar...

Substance use and HIV among justice-involved youth: Intersecting risks

2019

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review discusses recent advances in research on the intersection of HIV prevention and substance use among youth involved with the justice system. We discuss current themes...

Stigma as experienced by children of HIV-positive parents: A narrative review

2019

This narrative review examines the effects on children of stigma by association with an HIV-positive parent. It expands on previous reviews by including all HIV-affected children, whether orphaned or living...

Health issues associated with commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of children in the United States: A systematic review

2018

This article reviews studies examining health issues associated with commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking (CSE/ST) of children in the United States. We searched five health and social sciences databases...

Mental health and substance use in HIV-infected adolescents

2018

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Adolescents with HIV include both those infected perinatally and behaviourally. This population is confronted by normative challenges and HIV stressors as they move towards becoming increasingly independent...

Optimizing pediatric dosing recommendations and treatment management of antiretroviral drugs utilizing therapeutic drug monitoring data in children living with HIV

2019

INTRODUCTION: This review summarises the current dosing recommendations for antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) in the international pediatric guidelines of the World Health Organisation (WHO), US Department of Health and Human Services...

The efficacy of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for HIV

2019

Key take-home messages PEP initiated soon after exposure can reduce the risk of HIV seroconversion after occupational and non-occupational exposures, provided adherence to medications is sufficient. Evidence suggests that individuals...

In utero exposure to HIV and/or antiretroviral therapy: A systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence of cognitive outcomes

2019

INTRODUCION: With the increasing number of children exposed to HIV or antiretroviral therapy in utero, there are concerns that this population may have worse neurodevelopmental outcomes compared to those who...

Screening for HIV and linkage to care in adolescents: Insights from a systematic review of recent interventions in high- versus low- and middle-income settings

2018

Introduction: Compared to adults, adolescents and young adults have a higher incidence of HIV infection, yet lower rates of HIV testing. Few evidence-based interventions effectively diagnose new HIV infections among...

Transmission of drug-resistant tuberculosis in HIV-endemic settings

2018

The emergence and expansion of the multidrug-resistant tuberculosis epidemic is a threat to the global control of tuberculosis. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is the result of the selection of resistance-conferring mutations during...

STI health disparities: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of preventive interventions in educational settings

2018

The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to address disparities related to sexual health among students by examining the effectiveness of sexually transmitted infection (STI) preventive interventions in...

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