Category Archives: Children or Youth (less than 18 years old)
Trends and emerging directions in HIV risk and prevention research in the Philippines: A systematic review of the literature
BACKGROUND: The Philippines is experiencing one of the fastest growing epidemics globally. Evidence-based public health policies are needed. To describe the public health literature on HIV risk groups and prevention...
Measles seroprevalence and vaccine responses in HIV-infected adolescents and adults: A systematic review
Background: The World Health Organization recommends an additional dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV) for HIV-infected children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) following immune reconstitution. We conducted a systematic review...
Peer-facilitated community-based interventions for adolescent health in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review
BACKGROUND: Adolescents aged 10-19 represent one sixth of the world’s population and have a high burden of morbidity, particularly in low-resource settings. We know little about the potential of community-based...
Sexual risk behaviors in adolescent sexual minority males: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Although adolescent sexual minority males (ASMM) are at increased risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States (US), studies that estimate sexual risk behaviors that contribute to HIV...
Attrition of HIV-exposed infants from early infant diagnosis services in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
INTRODUCTION: Identification and retention of HIV-exposed infants in early infant diagnosis (EID) services helps to ensure optimal health outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the magnitude of attrition from...
A systematic review of adherence to oral pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV — How can we improve uptake and adherence?
INTRODUCTION: Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective strategy to reduce the risk of HIV transmission in high risk individuals. However, the effectiveness of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis is highly dependent...
Integration of neonatal and child health interventions with pediatric HIV interventions in global health
Background/Objectives: In the last decade, many strategies have called for integration of HIV and child survival platforms to reduce missed opportunities and improve child health outcomes. Countries with generalized HIV...
Antiretroviral resistance testing in HIV-positive people
BACKGROUND: Resistance to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) compromises treatment effectiveness, often leading to virological failure and mortality. Antiretroviral drug resistance tests may be...
Effectiveness of text messaging interventions on prevention, detection, treatment, and knowledge outcomes for sexually transmitted infections (STIs)/HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: Rates of STIs continue to rise worldwide, and novel evidence-based interventions such as text messaging aimed at improving client services are needed. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate text...
Educational technologies and practices for prevention of vertical HIV transmission
OBJECTIVE: to assess available evidence on educational technologies and practices for prevention of vertical HIV transmission. METHOD: LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, BDENF, between April and May 2016, with the descriptors: “Vertical...
Anthroponotic transmission of cryptosporidium parvum predominates in countries with poorer sanitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: Globally cryptosporidiosis is one of the commonest causes of mortality in children under 24 months old and may be associated with important longterm health effects. Whilst most strains of...
Systematic mapping of relationship-level protective factors and sexual health outcomes among sexual minority youth: The role of peers, parents, partners, and providers
Sexual minority youth (SMY) experience elevated rates of adverse sexual health outcomes. Although risk factors driving these outcomes are well studied, less attention has been paid to protective factors that...
