Category Archives: Children or Youth (less than 18 years old)
A systematic review on the influence of HLA-B polymorphisms on HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission
BACKGROUND: Mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) is the main route of HIV-1 infection in children. Genetic studies suggest HLA-B alleles play an important role on HIV-1 transmission, progression, and control of HIV-1 infection....
Attrition of HIV-exposed infants from early infant diagnosis services in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
INTRODUCTION: Identification and retention of HIV-exposed infants in early infant diagnosis (EID) services helps to ensure optimal health outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the magnitude of attrition from...
A systematic review of adherence to oral pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV — How can we improve uptake and adherence?
INTRODUCTION: Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective strategy to reduce the risk of HIV transmission in high risk individuals. However, the effectiveness of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis is highly dependent...
Integration of neonatal and child health interventions with pediatric HIV interventions in global health
Background/Objectives: In the last decade, many strategies have called for integration of HIV and child survival platforms to reduce missed opportunities and improve child health outcomes. Countries with generalized HIV...
Antiretroviral resistance testing in HIV-positive people
BACKGROUND: Resistance to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) compromises treatment effectiveness, often leading to virological failure and mortality. Antiretroviral drug resistance tests may be...
Effectiveness of text messaging interventions on prevention, detection, treatment, and knowledge outcomes for sexually transmitted infections (STIs)/HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: Rates of STIs continue to rise worldwide, and novel evidence-based interventions such as text messaging aimed at improving client services are needed. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate text...
Educational technologies and practices for prevention of vertical HIV transmission
OBJECTIVE: to assess available evidence on educational technologies and practices for prevention of vertical HIV transmission. METHOD: LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, BDENF, between April and May 2016, with the descriptors: “Vertical...
Anthroponotic transmission of cryptosporidium parvum predominates in countries with poorer sanitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: Globally cryptosporidiosis is one of the commonest causes of mortality in children under 24 months old and may be associated with important longterm health effects. Whilst most strains of...
Systematic mapping of relationship-level protective factors and sexual health outcomes among sexual minority youth: The role of peers, parents, partners, and providers
Sexual minority youth (SMY) experience elevated rates of adverse sexual health outcomes. Although risk factors driving these outcomes are well studied, less attention has been paid to protective factors that...
Socio-structural factors influencing the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in the democratic republic of the Congo: A systematic review
Introduction The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) had the second-highest mother-to-child HIV transmission rate in Sub-Saharan Africa at 29% in 2013, however the uptake of preventive services for mother-to-child...
Postpartum women living with HIV: Challenges related to retention in care, treatment adherence, and mental health
Key take-home messages Postpartum women living with HIV may find it challenging to remain engaged in HIV care and achieve optimal adherence to antiretroviral medications. Late entry or suboptimal engagement...
