Category Archives: Children or Youth (less than 18 years old)

Health issues associated with commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of children in the United States: A systematic review

2018

This article reviews studies examining health issues associated with commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking (CSE/ST) of children in the United States. We searched five health and social sciences databases...

Mental health and substance use in HIV-infected adolescents

2018

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Adolescents with HIV include both those infected perinatally and behaviourally. This population is confronted by normative challenges and HIV stressors as they move towards becoming increasingly independent...

Optimizing pediatric dosing recommendations and treatment management of antiretroviral drugs utilizing therapeutic drug monitoring data in children living with HIV

2019

INTRODUCTION: This review summarises the current dosing recommendations for antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) in the international pediatric guidelines of the World Health Organisation (WHO), US Department of Health and Human Services...

The efficacy of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for HIV

2019

Key take-home messages PEP initiated soon after exposure can reduce the risk of HIV seroconversion after occupational and non-occupational exposures, provided adherence to medications is sufficient. Evidence suggests that individuals...

In utero exposure to HIV and/or antiretroviral therapy: A systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence of cognitive outcomes

2019

INTRODUCION: With the increasing number of children exposed to HIV or antiretroviral therapy in utero, there are concerns that this population may have worse neurodevelopmental outcomes compared to those who...

Retest and treat: A review of national HIV retesting guidelines to inform elimination of mother-to-child HIV transmission (EMTCT) efforts

2019

INTRODUCTION: High maternal HIV incidence contributes substantially to mother-to-child HIV transmission (MTCT) in some settings. Since 2006, HIV retesting during the third trimester and breastfeeding has been recommended by the...

Strength-based interventions for HIV prevention and sexual risk reduction among girls and young women: A resilience-focused systematic review

2019

Despite significant public health efforts, girls and young women still face gender-specific barriers to achieving optimal physical and mental health. Public health interventions have historically addressed the health needs of...

The burden of vaccine-preventable diseases among HIV-infected and HIV-exposed children in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019

There are knowledge gaps regarding evidence-based research on the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-exposed children aged

Assessment of country policies affecting reproductive health for adolescents in the Philippines

2018

BACKGROUND: Adolescents in the Philippines face many legal, social and political barriers to access sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, putting them at higher risk of unplanned pregnancy, abortion, sexually...

Maternal immunisation to improve the health of HIV-exposed infants

2018

HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) infants are at an increased risk of many infectious diseases that can contribute to the high mortality seen among HEU children. Maternal immunisation could be a...

The impact of approaches in improving male partner involvement in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV on the uptake of safe infant feeding practices by HIV positive women in sub-Saharan Africa. A systematic review and meta-analysis

2018

BACKGROUND: The low level of male partner involvement in Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV services such as safe infant feeding practices poses a serious challenge to the...

Trends and emerging directions in HIV risk and prevention research in the Philippines: A systematic review of the literature

2018

BACKGROUND: The Philippines is experiencing one of the fastest growing epidemics globally. Evidence-based public health policies are needed. To describe the public health literature on HIV risk groups and prevention...

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