Category Archives: Children or Youth (less than 18 years old)
Prevention of sexually transmitted HIV infection: A meta-analytic review of the behavioral outcome literature
Social learning theory-based models have recently provided the foundation for a series of twelve controlled human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk reduction intervention studies that have examined sexual behavior change. These...
The effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected children in Asian countries
Worldwide, there are 2.1 million children under 15 years of age living with HIV infection. In the past five years, there has been significant progress in providing antiretroviral therapy (ART)...
Pathologising healthy children? A review of the literature exploring the mental health of HIV-affected children in sub-Saharan Africa
This article reviews the expanding body of literature that examines the mental health of HIV-affected children in sub-Saharan Africa. Focusing on primary research across disciplines and methodologies, the review examines...
Optimal time for initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-infected, treatment-naive children aged 2 to 5 years old
BACKGROUND: The use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) comprising three antiretroviral medications from at least two classes of drugs is the current standard treatment for HIV infection in adults and...
Universal voluntary HIV testing in antenatal care settings: A review of the contribution of provider-initiated testing & counselling
Objective To assess the contribution of provider-initiated testing and counselling (PITC) to achieving universal testing of pregnant women and, from available data on components of PITC, assess whether PITC adoption...
Reaching youth with out-of-facility HIV and reproductive health services: A systematic review
Purpose: Many young people, particularly those who are marginalized and most at risk for HIV and reproductive health-related problems, cannot or will not seek traditional facility-based health services. Policies and...
Duration of ruptured membranes and vertical transmission of HIV-1: A meta-analysis from 15 prospective cohort studies
Objective: To test the a priori hypothesis that longer duration of ruptured membranes is associated with increased risk of vertical transmission of HIV. Design: The relationship between duration of ruptured...
Association between knowledge of HIV-positive status or use of antiretroviral therapy and high-risk transmission behaviors: Systematic review
To systematically review the evidence on the association between knowledge of HIV-positive status or use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and high-risk transmission behaviors, we searched Ovid MEDLINE from 2004 to...
The paradigm of universal access to HIV-treatment and human rights violation: How do we treat HIV-positive people who use drugs?
HIV-positive people who use drugs (PWUDs) are particularly vulnerable for suboptimal access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We conducted a systematic review to identify factors associated with suboptimal HAART...
Retention in care of HIV-infected children from HIV test to start of antiretroviral therapy: Systematic review
BACKGROUND: In adults it is well documented that there are substantial losses to the programme between HIV testing and start of antiretroviral therapy (ART). The magnitude and reasons for loss...
HIV prevention for South African youth: which interventions work? A systematic review of current evidence
BACKGROUND: In South Africa, HIV prevalence among youth aged 15-24 is among the world’s highest. Given the urgent need to identify effective HIV prevention approaches, this review assesses the evidence...
