Category Archives: Children or Youth (less than 18 years old)

BACKGROUND: We reviewed the impact of HIV, HIV exposure, and antiretroviral therapy/prophylaxis on neurodevelopmental outcomes of HIV-infected and HIV-exposed-uninfected infants and children. METHODS: A literature search of Medline, Embase, PsychINFO,...

Behavioral interventions to prevent HIV or assist HIV-positive persons often incorporate peers, yet empirical support for their efficacy is only recently accumulating. We describe the results of a review of...

BACKGROUND: Sustaining antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence requires accurate, consistent monitoring, a particular challenge for low-income countries. The optimal strategy to measure pediatric adherence remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic...

Over the past 25 years, scores of behavioral interventions to reduce HIV-related sexual risk behavior have been developed and evaluated. The purpose of the current study was to synthesize what...

To assess the effects of HIV/AIDS and sexual health education on young people’s sexual behaviour, a comprehensive literature review was commissioned by the Department of Policy, Strategy, and Research of...

This review was undertaken in recognition of the mounting public health and social problems associated with adolescent sexual behavior and the importance of basing school-affiliated programs designed to reduce sexual...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics and risk of bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine related disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected infants. METHODS: Systematic literature review of articles published from 1950...

BACKGROUND: Homeless youth are at high risk for HIV infection as a consequence of risky sexual behaviour. Interventions for homeless youth are challenging. Assessment of the effectiveness of interventions to...

BACKGROUND: Cesarean section before labor and before ruptured membranes (“elective cesarean section”, or ECS) has been introduced as an intervention for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1. The...

Several studies have investigated whether heterozygosity for a 32-basepair deletion in the CC chemokine receptor 5 gene (CCR5-Delta32 ) affects susceptibility to perinatal HIV-1 infection, but results have been inconclusive....

OBJECTIVE: The HIV/AIDS epidemic has increased the number of orphans who have to care for their younger siblings. However, their caregiving practices are poorly reported. This review aimed to explore...

Effective sexually transmitted infection (STIs)/HIV prevention programs are urgently needed, but translating evidence-based methods of STI/HIV prevention into sustainable programs has been difficult. Social influences are critical for establishing condom...