Category Archives: Children or Youth (less than 18 years old)
Corticosteroid administration and outcome of adolescents and adults with acute bacterial meningitis: A meta-analysis
OBJECTIVE: To systematically assess the effect of the adjunctive administration of corticosteroids in the treatment of acute bacterial meningitis. METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching several...
Improving the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of TB among people living with HIV: The role of operational research
Operational research is necessary to improve the access to and delivery of tuberculosis prevention, diagnosis and treatment interventions for people living with HIV. We conducted an extensive review of the...
Post-HAART outcomes in pediatric populations: Comparison of resource-limited and developed countries
CONTEXT: No formal comparison has been made between the pediatric post-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) outcomes of resource-limited and developed countries. OBJECTIVE: To systematically quantify and compare major baseline characteristics...
HIV-related stigma as a barrier to achievement of global PMTCT and maternal health goals: A review of the evidence
The global community has set goals of virtual elimination of new child HIV infections and 50 percent reduction in HIV-related maternal mortality by the year 2015. Although much progress has...
Rapid point-of-care HIV testing in youth: A systematic review
PURPOSE: This review examines the literature surrounding acceptability of, and preference for, rapid point-of-care (POC) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing in youth, documents notification rates when youth were offered rapid...
HIV testing in community settings in resource-rich countries: A systematic review of the evidence
OBJECTIVES: Community HIV testing represents an opportunity for diagnosing HIV infection among individuals who may not have contact with health services, especially in hard-to-reach groups. The aim of this review...
Antibiotic and systemic therapies for pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-exposed children
INTRODUCTION: Pneumonia is the leading cause of mortality in both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-exposed children. Administration of appropriate empirical antimicrobial and/or adjunctive systemic therapies may improve clinical outcomes....
Micronutrient supplementation in children and adults with HIV infection
BACKGROUND: Micronutrient deficiencies are widespread and compound the effects of HIV disease; micronutrient supplements may be effective and safe in reducing this burden. OBJECTIVES: To assess whether micronutrient supplements are...
Prevalence of resistance to nevirapine in mothers and children after single-dose exposure to prevent vertical transmission of HIV-1: A meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: Single-dose nevirapine (NVP) is the main option for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV-1 in countries with limited resources. However, the use of single-dose NVP results in...
Adverse events associated with nevirapine and efavirenz-based first-line antiretroviral therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
INTRODUCTION:: Since 2002, the World Health Organization has recommended either nevirapine (NVP) or efavirenz (EFV) as part of first-line antiretroviral therapy. These two drugs are known to have differing toxicity...
Young people’s knowledge, attitude, and behaviour on STI/HIV/AIDS in the context of Nepal: A systematic review
Background: Sexual and reproductive health of young people has become a major health problem in recent decades. Recent and rapidly increasing Human Immune Defi ciency Virus (HIV) rates show an...
