Category Archives: Biomedical interventions

Timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2017

BACKGROUND: Although lifelong combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended for all individuals with HIV, few data exist for pregnancy outcomes associated with ART initiation before conception. We assessed adverse pregnancy...

Brief report: Preventing HIV-1 infection in women using oral preexposure prophylaxis: A meta-analysis of current evidence

2016

The World Health Organization has issued an early release revision to its antiretroviral guidelines in which PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis in the form of daily oral, fixed dose combination tenofovir disoproxil...

Pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention: Safety concerns

2017

Available evidence supports the efficacy of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in decreasing the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among high-risk individuals, especially when used in combination with other behavioural...

Hepatitis B and A vaccination in HIV-infected adults: A review

2015

Hepatitis B and A account for considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Immunization is the most effective means of preventing hepatitis B and A. However, the immune response to both hepatitis...

Effectiveness of semen washing to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and assist pregnancy in HIV-discordant couples: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2016

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of semen washing in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-discordant couples in which the male partner is infected. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING: Not applicable. PATIENT(S):...

Suboptimal viral suppression rates among HIV-infected children in low- and middle-income countries: A meta-analysis

2016

BACKGROUND: The 90-90-90 goals aim to achieve viral suppression in 90% of all HIV-infected people on antiretroviral treatment (ART), which is especially challenging in children. Global estimates of viral suppression...

Preventing HIV-1 infection in women using oral pre-exposure prophylaxis: A meta-analysis of current evidence

2016

The World Health Organization has issued an early release revision to its antiretroviral guidelines in which PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis in the form of daily oral, fixed dose combination tenofovir disoproxil...

Effective non-drug interventions for improving outcomes and quality of maternal health care in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review

2016

BACKGROUND: Many interventions have been implemented to improve maternal health outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Currently, however, systematic information on the effectiveness of these interventions remains scarce. We conducted a...

Pros and cons of circumcision: An evidence-based overview

2016

Based on three large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in Africa, it can clearly be stated that circumcision lowers the risk of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and...

A systematic review of interventions to improve postpartum retention of women in PMTCT and ART care

2016

INTRODUCTION: The World Health Organization recommends lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV. Effective transitioning from maternal and child health to ART services, and...

Safety of oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-based pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention

2016

INTRODUCTION: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-based pre-exposure prophylaxis is a novel HIV prevention strategy for individuals at increased sexual risk for HIV infection. For any biomedical prevention intervention, the bar for...

Interventions to strengthen the HIV prevention cascade: A systematic review of reviews

2016

BACKGROUND: Much progress has been made in interventions to prevent HIV infection. However, development of evidence-informed prevention programmes that translate the efficacy of these strategies into population effect remain a...

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