Category Archives: Biomedical interventions

Circumcision status and risk of HIV acquisition during heterosexual intercourse for both males and females: A meta-analysis

2015

In this study, we evaluated if male circumcision was associated with lower HIV acquisition for HIV (-) males and HIV (-) females during normal sexual behavior. We performed a systematic...

Pre-exposure prophylaxis of HIV: A right way to go or a long way to go?

2016

Antiretroviral drugs are being tried as candidates for the pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) against HIV for a considerable period, due to their potential for immediate inhibition of viral replication. Discrepancies in...

Systemic preexposure prophylaxis for HIV: Translating clinical data to clinical practice

2014

OBJECTIVE: To assess the real-world implications of oral tenofovir-emtricitabine (TDF-FTC) for HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in clinical practice and highlight important considerations for its implementation. DATA SOURCES: A search of...

Prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission cascade in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2016

INTRODUCTION: The Chinese government has invested US$140 million annually on prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. This study evaluates the programme by examining the improvements in programme coverage HIV...

Socio-cultural factors influencing the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Nigeria: A synthesis of the literature

2014

BACKGROUND: Currently, Nigeria alone accounts for 30% of the burden of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. This review explores the socio-cultural factors influencing prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) service...

Influence of maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection on vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV): A meta-analysis

2003

BACKGROUND: Maternal co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been implicated as a potentially important co-factor for enhanced vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV). In previous reports, however, methodological...

Nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis following sexual assault in industrialized low-HIV-prevalence countries: A review

2012

Although available for over a decade, use of nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis (nPEP) remains controversial in the United States. There are concerns over sexual assault survivors’ adherence, or lack thereof, leading...

Integrating prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission programs to improve uptake: A systematic review

2012

Background: We performed a systematic review to assess the effect of integrated perinatal prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV interventions compared to non- or partially integrated services on the uptake...

Impact of viral load and the duration of primary infection on HIV transmission: Systematic review and meta-analysis

2014

OBJECTIVES: HIV ‘treatment as prevention’ (TasP) describes early treatment of HIV-infected patients intended to reduce viral load and transmission. Crucial assumptions for estimating TasP’s effectiveness are the underlying estimates of...

Mannose-binding lectin and the risk of HIV transmission and disease progression in children: A systematic review

2012

BACKGROUND: Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) can activate the complement system by binding to carbohydrates, such as those presented on the HIV virion surface. It is unclear whether genetically determined MBL deficiency...

Determinants of male involvement in maternal and child health services in sub-Saharan Africa: A review

2012

INTRODUCTION: Male participation is a crucial component in the optimization of Maternal and Child Health (MCH) services. This is especially so where prevention strategies to decrease Mother-to-Child Transmission (MTCT) of...

Male circumcision for the prevention of heterosexually acquired HIV infection: A meta-analysis of randomized trials involving 11,050 men

2008

OBJECTIVES: Observational studies and a small collection of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest that male circumcision may significantly reduce HIV transmission between sero-discordant contacts. The Joint United Nations Programme on...

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