Category Archives: Epidemiology

BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding improves child survival but is a source of mother-to-child HIV transmission among women with unsuppressed HIV infection. Estimated HIV incidence in children is sensitive to breastfeeding duration among...

INTRODUCTION: Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) has great importance in reducing viral load. Though a global effort was made to suppress viral load, the level of viral load suppression among ART patients...

Background Dyslipidemia is responsible for more than half of the global ischemic heart disease (IHD) and more than 4 million deaths annually. Assessing the prevalence of dyslipidemia can be crucial...

Background There is no systematic review on the prevalence of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) in Iran. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of HIVDR among people living with HIV (PLHIV)...

Background HIV has become a manageable chronic condition due to the success and scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Globally, South Africa has the highest number of people living with HIV...

The adverse effects of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) using tenofovir disoproxil fumarate are barriers to PrEP initiation and continuation. Although serious effects are rare and predictable, evidence for this assessment...

BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major public health concern, particularly in Africa where HIV rates remain substantial. Pregnant women are at an increased risk of acquiring HIV, which...

BACKGROUND: HIV Early Infant Diagnosis (HEID) is critical for the timely initiation of HIV treatments and improved health outcomes among HIV-infected infants. However, the uptake of HEID remains largely low...

Purpose: Influenza vaccination of person living with HIV (PLWH) is a powerful means to tackle severe clinical outcomes. Few data on two doses of influenza vaccine in PLWH are available.Research...

OBJECTIVES: The effectiveness and efficiency of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in reducing the transmission of HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) relies on how widely it is adopted...

Background: Fungal infections are common in HIV-infected individuals and significantly contribute to mortality. However, a substantial number of cases are undiagnosed before death. Objective: To determine the frequency of fungal pathogens in...

Fixed-Dose antiretroviral Combinations (FDCs) are the most used drug regimes in adult patients with human-immunodeficiency virus 1 infection, since they increase adherence to antiretroviral therapy and enable good quality of...