Category Archives: Epidemiology and Determinants of Health

BACKGROUND: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is a first-line Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis agent, but monthly intravenous pentamidine (IVP) is used in immunocompromised hosts without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection because IVP is...

BACKGROUND: Sporotrichosis is a fungal infection that can affect both humans and animals, caused by a species of thermo-dimorphic fungi of the genus Sporothrix. This pathology can be acquired by...

Background: Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection (gonorrhoea) is associated with several pregnancy complications, including preterm labour, spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, miscarriage, growth retardation, and intrauterine death. Objectives: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to...

Peer support for people living with HIV has gained increasing traction and is considered a way to take an active role in self-management. The existing research examining peer support interventions...

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective biomedical HIV prevention tool. Increasing PrEP use among populations disproportionately affected by HIV is one of the key efforts in...

The extended lifespan of people living with human immunodeficiency (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) (PLWHA) has increased the potential for ICU admissions unrelated to HIV infection. The objective...

Key take-home message Canada has met The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) goal of testing 90% of all people living with HIV; however, an estimated 6,950 people living...

Aim: To assess any differences (1) in the prevalence of periodontitis and necrotizing periodontal diseases, specifically necrotizing gingivitis (NG) and necrotizing periodontitis (NP) between HIV patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and...

OBJECTIVE: While life expectancies of people with HIV (PWH) have increased through the successes of antiretroviral treatment, cognitive impairment remains a pressing concern. Prevalence estimates vary worldwide as different definitions...

Background: Globally, the human immunodeficiency virus has been recognized as a major public health concern. The direct toxicity of antiretroviral medicines or their active metabolites causes liver cell destruction by different...

Objective: Although excess mortality, especially suicide, is a critical trait in people living with HIV, consensus about gender differences in these areas is lacking. We conducted meta-analyses to examine gender differences...

The population of perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) children is growing rapidly globally. However, perinatal HIV and antiretroviral (ARV) medicine exposure in HIV-uninfected children has raised concerns about HEU children’s...