What is the effectiveness of supervised injection services?
2014
Key take-home messages The use of supervised injection services can lead to reductions in injecting behaviour and an increase in the number of clients accessing addiction treatment services. Supervised injection...
Case management and community engagement models
2014
Key take-home messages Very few case management, community capacity building or community development models were found specific to people living with or at-risk of HIV. None were found specific to...
HCV reinfection rates among people who use drugs
2014
Key take-home messages HCV affects people differently. Some are able to spontaneously clear the virus on their own; others develop chronic HCV infection that affects their health and requires treatment....
HIV and STI testing among Indigenous women and women who inject drugs
2016
Key take-home messages Rates of HIV and other sexually transmitted and bloodborne infections are high among Indigenous women and women who inject drugs. For women who use drugs, centres that...
Hepatitis C reinfection after successful treatment
2016
Key take-home messages HCV reinfection rates vary widely. Reinfection depends on the extent to which an individual engages in high risk activities after having achieved sustained virologic response through treatment....
Chest compressions and rescue breathing when administering naloxone in opioid overdose
2016
Key take-home messages Opioid overdoses cause respiratory failure (a reduction or stop in breathing), which can lead to cardiac arrest. In the event of a suspected opioid overdose, bystanders should...
Engaging law enforcement in harm reduction programs for people who inject drugs
2016
Key take-home messages Injection drug use is a major contributor to the spread of HIV and Hepatitis C in Canada. Laws and policing practices that govern injection drug use influence...
NARCAN® Nasal Spray efficacy for emergency treatment of opioid overdose
2018
Key take-home messages The administration of ready-to-use, needle-free concentrated NARCAN® Nasal Spray (containing 4mg of naloxone hydrochloride in low volume of 0.1 mL) results in pharmacokinetic parameters that either equal...
Interventions to reduce stigma among health care providers working with substance users
2018
Key take-home messages The attitudes and behaviours of practitioners have been linked to a variety of clinical outcomes in different patient groups. The prevalence of stigma among health care providers...
Effectiveness of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV
2018
Key take-home messages Oral PrEP (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate with emtricitabine) is highly protective against HIV acquisition across various populations and across different dosing schedules. Open label and demonstration projects in...
Factors associated with sexual risks and risk of STIs, HIV and other blood-borne viruses among women using heroin and other drugs: A systematic literature review
2018
This systematic literature review identified factors associated with sexual risks related to sexually transmitted infections (STI), HIV and other blood-borne viruses (BBV) among women using heroin and other drugs. The...
Predictors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in primary care among adults living in developed countries: A systematic review
2018
BACKGROUND: Early diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is important because antiretroviral therapies are more effective if infected individuals are diagnosed early. Diagnosis of HIV relies on laboratory testing and...
