Category Archives: People who use drugs

Engaging law enforcement in harm reduction programs for people who inject drugs

2016

Key take-home messages Injection drug use is a major contributor to the spread of HIV and Hepatitis C in Canada. Laws and policing practices that govern injection drug use influence...

NARCANĀ® Nasal Spray efficacy for emergency treatment of opioid overdose

2018

Key take-home messages The administration of ready-to-use, needle-free concentrated NARCANĀ® Nasal Spray (containing 4mg of naloxone hydrochloride in low volume of 0.1 mL) results in pharmacokinetic parameters that either equal...

Interventions to reduce stigma among health care providers working with substance users

2018

Key take-home messages The attitudes and behaviours of practitioners have been linked to a variety of clinical outcomes in different patient groups. The prevalence of stigma among health care providers...

Effectiveness of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV

2018

Key take-home messages Oral PrEP (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate with emtricitabine) is highly protective against HIV acquisition across various populations and across different dosing schedules. Open label and demonstration projects in...

Factors associated with sexual risks and risk of STIs, HIV and other blood-borne viruses among women using heroin and other drugs: A systematic literature review

2018

This systematic literature review identified factors associated with sexual risks related to sexually transmitted infections (STI), HIV and other blood-borne viruses (BBV) among women using heroin and other drugs. The...

Improving PrEP implementation through multilevel interventions: A synthesis of the literature

2018

There are many challenges to accessing PrEP and thus low uptake in the United States. This review (2007-2017) of PrEP implementation identified barriers to PrEP and interventions to match those...

Predictors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in primary care among adults living in developed countries: A systematic review

2018

BACKGROUND: Early diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is important because antiretroviral therapies are more effective if infected individuals are diagnosed early. Diagnosis of HIV relies on laboratory testing and...

Injection drug use, HIV/HCV, and related services in nonurban areas of the United States: A systematic review

2018

BACKGROUND: Injection drug use (IDU) in nonurban areas of the United States is a growing public health concern, but there has been no comprehensive assessment of existing research on injection-related...

Integrated models of care for individuals with opioid use disorder: How do we prevent HIV and HCV?

2018

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To describe models of integrated and co-located care for opioid use disorder (OUD), hepatitis C (HCV), and HIV. RECENT FINDINGS: The design and scale-up of multidisciplinary care...

HIV and viral hepatitis among imprisoned key populations

2018

Prisons and other closed facilities create opportunities for transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and viral hepatitis during detention and after release. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of...

Health outcomes for clients of needle and syringe programs in prisons

2018

High levels of drug dependence have been observed in the prison population globally, and the sharing of injecting drug equipment in prisons has contributed to higher prevalence of bloodborne diseases...

HIV preexposure prophylaxis: A review

2018

Importance: About 40000 Americans and 2 million people worldwide are newly infected with HIV each year. The combination antiretroviral regimen, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine, taken as a single pill once...

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