Category Archives: Neurocognitive disorders
Neurological, behavioral, and pathophysiological characterization of the co-occurrence of substance use and HIV: A narrative review
Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has greatly reduced the severity of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders in people living with HIV (PLWH); however, PLWH are more likely than the general population to use...
Selection of cognitive impairment screening tools for longitudinal implementation in an HIV clinical care setting
To address and slow the increasing burden of cognitive impairment in people surviving to older ages with HIV requires longitudinal monitoring of cognition. We conducted a structured literature review to...
Prevalence and variability of HIV/AIDS-associated neurocognitive impairments in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Background: HIV/AIDS-associated neurocognitive impairments negatively affect treatment adherence, viral load suppression, CD4 count, functionality, and the overall quality of life of people with seropositive status. However, huge variability is observed across...
Association of apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 and cognitive impairment in adults living with human immunodeficiency virus: A meta-analysis
Background: It is controversial whether the apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele (APOE ε4) is a risk gene for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related neurocognitive impairment. This meta-analysis aimed to summarize evidence of...
Neurocognitive impairment and associated factors among people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis of African studies
BACKGROUND: Neurocognitive impairment (NCI) is one of the most common neurological complications in HIV-positive individuals, particularly in resource-limited countries. Neurocognitive impairments can occur at any stage of HIV infection, although...
Reporting individual-level research results from neurocognitive and psychological research in people living with HIV: Lessons from dementia research
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: There are growing expectations for the return of individual-level research results (RoR), which promotes autonomy and potential clinical and personal benefits. There are ethical and practical challenges,...
The global burden of cognitive impairment in people with HIV
OBJECTIVE: While life expectancies of people with HIV (PWH) have increased through the successes of antiretroviral treatment, cognitive impairment remains a pressing concern. Prevalence estimates vary worldwide as different definitions...
Altered white matter integrity in the corpus callosum in adults with HIV: A systematic review of diffusion tensor imaging studies
We systematically reviewed studies comparing differences in the integrity of the corpus callosum in adults with HIV compared to healthy controls, using Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), using search engines Science...
The global burden of cognitive impairment in people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Objective: While life expectancies of people with HIV (PWH) have increased through the successes of antiretroviral treatment, cognitive impairment remains a pressing concern. Prevalence estimates vary worldwide as different definitions for...
Epstein-Barr virus detection in the central nervous system of HIV-infected patients
Simply detecting Epstein-Barr virus deoxyribonucleic acid (EBV-DNA) is insufficient to diagnose EBV-associated diseases. The current literature around EBV-DNA detection from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive non-lymphoma patients...
HIV antiretroviral medication neuropenetrance and neurocognitive outcomes in HIV+ adults: A review of the literature examining the central nervous system penetration effectiveness score
This literature review summarizes the existing research examining the CNS penetration effectiveness (CPE) score and neurocognitive outcomes (i.e., neuropsychological assessment and neurocognitive screening) in HIV+ individuals. Despite the effectiveness of...
The effect of antiretroviral therapy with high central nervous system penetration on HIV-related cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Chronic complications are a significant concern for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) infection. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are prevalent in PLWHA. Yet, the efficacy of medications that penetrate the central...
